What principle explains the buoyancy of an object when submerged in a fluid?

Buoyancy of an object submerged in a fluid is explained by Archimedes' principle. This principle states that any object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. This upward force is what is referred to as buoyancy.

When an object is placed in a fluid, it pushes some of the fluid out of the way, causing it to exert an upward force on the object. If this buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object, the object will float; if it is less, the object will sink. Archimedes' principle is fundamental in understanding why some objects can float while others cannot, as it directly relates to the density of the object compared to the density of the fluid.

In contrast, Bernoulli's principle is concerned with the behavior of fluid flow and pressure, Pascal's principle deals with pressure transmission in fluids, and Newton's third law addresses action and reaction forces but does not specifically explain buoyancy. Understanding Archimedes' principle is essential for applications in fields such as engineering, physics, and various industrial processes involving fluids.